As pet food nutritionists, we often get asked what the difference is between Kibble and Raw Feeding. This post provides you with key information about the benefits of feeding kibble versus raw.

Important Nutrition

Raw pet food can be purchased as a complete diet, but many owners choose to feed homemade raw as they believe it is better for their pets. Studies show that 95% of homemade diets were deficient in at least one essential nutrient. Whilst 84% were lacking in multiple nutrients (PFMA, 2020). Dodd et al. (2019) carried out a nutrient analysis of a homemade diet and the impact that this diet had when fed to a puppy. The results show that the diet was deficient in many nutrients as well as an incorrect balance of calcium and phosphorus which resulted in poor skeletal development.

Raw Risk

Not only has it been identified that there is a risk to pet health from feeding homemade raw diets to pets if they are not nutritionally balanced for the specific species and life stage it has also been identified that there is a risk to human health. When feeding a raw diet, the risk of infection from bacteria is increased as both the pet and their owner can be directly exposed to foodborne pathogens. A study looked at 35 commercial raw pet foods and examined the products for contaminants such as salmonella, listeria and E.coli. The study reported that over half of the tested raw food was positive for at least one contaminant (Bree et al., 2018).  The study concludes by stating that dry pet food is a safer option for pets and owners alike. The below table shows a summary of the key differences between a dry kibble pet food and raw pet food.

It is not always easy to make a direct comparison between raw and kibble because of the difference in the physical state; therefore, it is important to calculate any values on the same “Dry Matter Basis”.

What is Dry Matter?

Dry matter refers to material that remains after the removal of water. The below tables compare the nutritional content of various raw diets to a kibble diet on an “As fed basis” as well as on a “100% Dry Matter Basis”. By converting both products to the same dry matter, the Analytical Constituents can be compared equally.

There are many different pet food formats on the market which can sometimes make it hard to decide what is best to feed to pets. The most important message is that the quality of pet food should be measured on the contents of the food rather than the format that it is fed in.

References

Bree, F.P.J., Bokken, G.C.A.M., Mineur, R., Franssen, F., Opsteegh, M., van der Giessen, J.W.B., Lipman, L.J.A. and Overgaauw, P.A.M. (2018). Zoonotic bacteria and parasites found in raw meat-based diets for cats and dogs. Veterinary Record, 182(2), pp.50–50.

Dodd, S., Barry, M., Grant, C. and Verbrugghe, A. (2019). Abnormal bone mineralization in a puppy fed an imbalanced raw meat homemade diet diagnosed and monitored using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition.

Responsible Raw Feeding for Cats and Dogs. (n.d.). [online] Available at: https://www.pfma.org.uk/_assets/docs/fact-sheet/PFMA-fact-sheet-Raw-Feeding.pdf [Accessed 9 Oct. 2020].